{
  "place_id": "chashnyky#8047_11620",
  "wikidata": "Q954421",
  "country": "BY",
  "local_name": "Чашнікі",
  "forms": [],
  "names": {
    "en": {
      "main": "Chashniki",
      "why": "Belarusian-based English reference form; Russian-based and dated national-system forms are listed separately where different.",
      "alternatives": [
        {
          "name": "Čašniki",
          "why": "Belarusian geographical romanization of 2007, recommended by the UN in 2012; dated system form, not a claim that domestic rules remained unchanged after 2023."
        },
        {
          "name": "Czaśniki",
          "why": "Polish historical name relevant to English military histories."
        },
        {
          "name": "Czasniki",
          "why": "Diacritic-free Polish spelling frequent in English accounts of the 1812 campaign."
        },
        {
          "name": "Tchachniki",
          "why": "French reference spelling for matching French titles quoted in English; not an asserted common English exonym."
        },
        {
          "name": "Чашнікі",
          "why": "Original Belarusian spelling for matching local sources quoted in English."
        }
      ]
    },
    "fr": {
      "main": "Tchachniki",
      "why": "French reference heading uses Tch for ч and ch for ш; historical military accounts may instead use the Polish-based Czasniki.",
      "alternatives": [
        {
          "name": "Čašniki",
          "why": "Belarusian Latin spelling explicitly given in French references."
        },
        {
          "name": "Czaśniki",
          "why": "Polish historical spelling explicitly given in the French entry."
        },
        {
          "name": "Czasniki",
          "why": "Diacritic-free spelling useful in French Napoleonic histories; not a current French main."
        },
        {
          "name": "Chashniki",
          "why": "International spelling retained for French source matching; the French reference heading uses the adapted main above."
        },
        {
          "name": "Casniki",
          "why": "Diacritic-free typing/indexing variant of Čašniki for French retrieval; independent prose frequency is unverified."
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "about_en": "Chashniki is a town on the Ula River in Belarus's Vitebsk Region. Its name is familiar in military histories of the Livonian War and Napoleon's Russian campaign.",
  "about_fr": "",
  "certainty": "medium",
  "notes": "Belarusian 2007/UN 2012 system labels are dated; Belarus changed its domestic rules in 2023. Sources checked 2026-11-15: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chashniki ; https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchachniki.",
  "rank": 1261,
  "slug": "chashniki"
}