{
  "place_id": "liubava#7972_11097",
  "wikidata": "Q987188",
  "country": "PL",
  "local_name": "Lubawa",
  "names": {
    "en": {
      "main": "Lubawa",
      "why": "Current official Polish Latin-script name, retained in English with its local spelling; no Cyrillic romanization is required.",
      "alternatives": [
        {
          "name": "Löbau",
          "why": "German historical name used in English Prussian history; ambiguous with the town in Saxony."
        },
        {
          "name": "Löbau in Westpreußen",
          "why": "Qualified German historical name distinguishing this town from Saxon Löbau."
        },
        {
          "name": "Loebau",
          "why": "German oe typography of Löbau, used where umlauts are unavailable."
        },
        {
          "name": "Lūbawa",
          "why": "Old Prussian form quoted in English historical reference material."
        },
        {
          "name": "Lobau",
          "why": "Diacritic-free typing or indexing form of Löbau for English retrieval; not a separate official name. Independent prose frequency is unverified."
        },
        {
          "name": "Lobau in Westpreussen",
          "why": "Diacritic-free typing or indexing form of Löbau in Westpreußen for English retrieval; not a separate official name. Independent prose frequency is unverified."
        }
      ]
    },
    "fr": {
      "main": "Lubawa",
      "why": "Same form as in English; retained in French reference usage, without a separate French exonym.",
      "alternatives": [
        {
          "name": "Löbau",
          "why": "German historical name relevant to French Prussian history; ambiguous with Saxon Löbau."
        },
        {
          "name": "Löbau-en-Prusse-Occidentale",
          "why": "Partly translated French historical form, seen especially in names of the former Prussian administrative district."
        },
        {
          "name": "Löbau in Westpreußen",
          "why": "Full German historical form retained in French references."
        },
        {
          "name": "Lobau",
          "why": "Diacritic-free typing or indexing form of Löbau for French retrieval; not a separate official name. Independent prose frequency is unverified."
        },
        {
          "name": "Lobau-en-Prusse-Occidentale",
          "why": "Diacritic-free typing or indexing form of Löbau-en-Prusse-Occidentale for French retrieval; not a separate official name. Independent prose frequency is unverified."
        },
        {
          "name": "Lobau in Westpreussen",
          "why": "Diacritic-free typing or indexing form of Löbau in Westpreußen for French retrieval; not a separate official name. Independent prose frequency is unverified."
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "about_en": "Lubawa is a town on the Sandela River in northern Poland's Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. Its surviving churches and town defences reflect its history as a seat of the bishops of Chełmno.",
  "about_fr": "",
  "certainty": "medium",
  "notes": "Reference pages checked 2026-11-15: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubawa ; https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubawa.",
  "rank": 917,
  "slug": "lubawa"
}