{
  "place_id": "bilhorod-dnistrovskyi#7566_11685",
  "wikidata": "Q672990",
  "country": "UA",
  "local_name": "Білгород-Дністровський",
  "names": {
    "en": {
      "main": "Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi",
      "why": "Current Ukrainian name in the national romanization adopted in 2010 and recommended by the UN in 2012; also the BGN/PCGN system adopted in 2019.",
      "alternatives": [
        {
          "name": "Belgorod-Dnestrovsky",
          "why": "Russian-based English form of the post-1944 name."
        },
        {
          "name": "Belgorod-Dnestrovskiy",
          "why": "Russian romanization variant with -skiy."
        },
        {
          "name": "Akkerman",
          "why": "Established historical name used in English accounts of the Ottoman and Russian imperial periods; replaced in 1944."
        },
        {
          "name": "Akerman",
          "why": "One-k variant of the historical name in English works."
        },
        {
          "name": "Cetatea Albă",
          "why": "Romanian historical name, especially for the interwar period; means White Fortress."
        },
        {
          "name": "Cetatea Alba",
          "why": "Diacritic-free Romanian historical form."
        },
        {
          "name": "Tyras",
          "why": "Ancient Greek settlement at the site; a historical predecessor, not a modern municipal synonym."
        },
        {
          "name": "Bilhorod-Dnistrovs’kyy",
          "why": "BGN/PCGN 1965 geographical romanization of the Ukrainian spelling. Standard-derived form; medium confidence in actual use for this place, not claimed as an established English exonym."
        },
        {
          "name": "Bìlgorod-Dnìstrovsʹkij",
          "why": "ISO 9:1995 reversible transliteration of the Ukrainian spelling. Standard-derived form; medium confidence in actual use for this place, not claimed as an established English exonym."
        },
        {
          "name": "Bilhorod-Dnistrovsʹkyĭ",
          "why": "ALA-LC Ukrainian 2011 library romanization of the Ukrainian spelling. Standard-derived form; medium confidence in actual use for this place, not claimed as an established English exonym."
        },
        {
          "name": "Білгород-Дністровський",
          "why": "Original Ukrainian Cyrillic spelling, useful for matching local documents and quotations; not a Latin-script English form."
        }
      ]
    },
    "fr": {
      "main": "Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyï",
      "why": "French geographical spelling adapts the final Ukrainian -ий as -yï; no article forms part of the name.",
      "alternatives": [
        {
          "name": "Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi",
          "why": "Same official Latin form as in English; French texts also retain the unadapted -yi."
        },
        {
          "name": "Belgorod-Dniestrovski",
          "why": "Traditional Russian-based French rendering of the post-1944 name."
        },
        {
          "name": "Akkerman",
          "why": "Historical name used in French diplomatic and historical writing, including references to the 1826 convention; replaced in 1944."
        },
        {
          "name": "Akerman",
          "why": "Historical French spelling variant with one k."
        },
        {
          "name": "Cetatea Albă",
          "why": "Romanian historical name retained in French histories of Bessarabia."
        },
        {
          "name": "Cetatea Alba",
          "why": "Accent-stripped form in French references."
        },
        {
          "name": "Tyras",
          "why": "Ancient Greek place at the site, used in French antiquity studies; not the name of the entire present city."
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "about_en": "Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi is a city in Odesa Oblast beside the Dniester estuary. Its large medieval fortress overlooks a site with a much older history of Black Sea trade.",
  "about_fr": "",
  "certainty": "medium",
  "notes": "Post-1944 Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi follows Akkerman/Cetatea Albă. Historical Tyras denotes the ancient settlement. The Dniester qualifier distinguishes the city from other White City names.",
  "rank": 218,
  "slug": "bilhorod-dnistrovskyi"
}