{
  "place_id": "chyhyryn#7726_11814",
  "wikidata": "Q161980",
  "country": "UA",
  "local_name": "Чигирин",
  "names": {
    "en": {
      "main": "Chyhyryn",
      "why": "Current Ukrainian name in the national romanization adopted in 2010, recommended by the UN in 2012 and adopted by BGN/PCGN in 2019. The same string also results from BGN/PCGN Ukrainian romanization (1965). The same string also results from ALA-LC Ukrainian romanization (2011 table).",
      "alternatives": [
        {
          "name": "Chigirin",
          "why": "Russian-based historical English name, prominent in histories of the Cossacks and Ottoman campaigns."
        },
        {
          "name": "Tchigirin",
          "why": "Older English historical spelling using tch for ч."
        },
        {
          "name": "Chygyryn",
          "why": "Older Ukrainian-based English reference spelling."
        },
        {
          "name": "Czehryń",
          "why": "Polish historical or regional name quoted in English accounts of the place."
        },
        {
          "name": "Tchyhyryne",
          "why": "French reference spelling; useful when English writing cites French titles or sources. Not asserted to be a usual English exonym."
        },
        {
          "name": "Čigirin",
          "why": "ISO 9:1995 character transliteration; standard-derived retrieval form. Actual English textual use is unverified; not an asserted established exonym."
        },
        {
          "name": "Чигирин",
          "why": "Original Ukrainian spelling for matching local maps, addresses and source titles quoted in English."
        },
        {
          "name": "Czehryn",
          "why": "Diacritic-free typing/indexing form of Czehryń for English retrieval; independent prose frequency is unverified."
        }
      ]
    },
    "fr": {
      "main": "Tchyhyryne",
      "why": "French Ukrainian-based reference form with final e; traditional Tchiguirine remains important in French historical writing.",
      "alternatives": [
        {
          "name": "Tchiguirine",
          "why": "Traditional Russian-derived French name, especially familiar in historical accounts of the Cossacks and Ottoman wars."
        },
        {
          "name": "Czehryń",
          "why": "Polish historical name explicitly given in French references."
        },
        {
          "name": "Chyhyryn",
          "why": "International spelling retained for French source matching; French reference usage also has the adapted main form above."
        },
        {
          "name": "Czehryn",
          "why": "Diacritic-free typing/indexing form of Czehryń for French retrieval; independent prose frequency is unverified."
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "about_en": "Chyhyryn is a small city on the Tiasmyn River in Ukraine's Cherkasy Oblast. It was a capital of the Cossack Hetmanate and is closely associated with Bohdan Khmelnytskyi.",
  "about_fr": "",
  "certainty": "medium",
  "notes": "Chigirin/Tchiguirine remain relevant in historical accounts. Chyhyryn is the current Ukrainian form, not a recent municipal renaming. Standard-derived alternatives are retrieval aids, not claims of press frequency. Reference pages checked 2026-11-15: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chyhyryn ; https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchyhyryne.",
  "rank": 1139,
  "slug": "chyhyryn"
}