{
  "place_id": "izium#7733_12071",
  "wikidata": "Q544003",
  "country": "UA",
  "local_name": "Ізюм",
  "names": {
    "en": {
      "main": "Izium",
      "why": "Current Ukrainian name in the national romanization adopted in 2010 and recommended by the UN in 2012; also the BGN/PCGN system adopted in 2019.",
      "alternatives": [
        {
          "name": "Izyum",
          "why": "Russian-based spelling, widespread in English maps and war reporting. BGN/PCGN 1965 geographical romanization of the Ukrainian spelling. Standard-derived form; medium confidence in actual use for this place, not claimed as an established English exonym."
        },
        {
          "name": "Ìzûm",
          "why": "ISO 9:1995 reversible transliteration of the Ukrainian spelling. Standard-derived form; medium confidence in actual use for this place, not claimed as an established English exonym."
        },
        {
          "name": "Izi͡um",
          "why": "ALA-LC Ukrainian 2011 library romanization of the Ukrainian spelling. Standard-derived form; medium confidence in actual use for this place, not claimed as an established English exonym."
        },
        {
          "name": "Ізюм",
          "why": "Original Ukrainian Cyrillic spelling, useful for matching local documents and quotations; not a Latin-script English form."
        }
      ]
    },
    "fr": {
      "main": "Izioum",
      "why": "Established French spelling uses ou for the vowel represented by u in English transcription.",
      "alternatives": [
        {
          "name": "Izium",
          "why": "Same official Latin form as in English; retained in French texts using Ukrainian romanization."
        },
        {
          "name": "Izyum",
          "why": "English/Russian-based spelling sometimes carried into French international reporting."
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "about_en": "Izium is a city in Kharkiv Oblast on the Siverskyi Donets. Its river crossing and position below Kremenets Hill have given it a lasting military and transport significance.",
  "about_fr": "",
  "certainty": "medium",
  "notes": "Izioum is a French usage form, not evidence of a municipal renaming. The description does not claim a current military situation.",
  "rank": 229,
  "slug": "izium"
}