{
  "place_id": "kalmiuske#7648_12114",
  "wikidata": "Q1025487",
  "country": "UA",
  "local_name": "Кальміуське",
  "names": {
    "en": {
      "main": "Kalmiuske",
      "why": "Current Ukrainian name in the national romanization adopted in 2010, recommended by the UN in 2012 and adopted by BGN/PCGN in 2019.",
      "alternatives": [
        {
          "name": "Komsomolske",
          "why": "Former official Ukrainian name, replaced by Kalmiuske in 2016."
        },
        {
          "name": "Komsomolskoye",
          "why": "Russian form of the former name; remains in Russian and occupation usage after the Ukrainian renaming of 2016."
        },
        {
          "name": "Kalmiuskoye",
          "why": "Russian rendering of the current Ukrainian name; medium confidence in English textual frequency."
        },
        {
          "name": "Kalmiouske",
          "why": "French-language form, useful when an English text quotes a French map, report or source title; not the English main name."
        },
        {
          "name": "Kal’mius’ke",
          "why": "BGN/PCGN Ukrainian system (1965), superseded for US/UK geographical naming by the 2019 agreement; standard-derived spelling, with medium confidence in actual textual occurrence, not an independently attested press exonym."
        },
        {
          "name": "Kal'mius'ke",
          "why": "Plain-apostrophe typography of the BGN/PCGN 1965 form; standard-derived retrieval variant."
        },
        {
          "name": "Kalʹmìusʹke",
          "why": "ISO 9:1995 character transliteration; standard-derived spelling, with medium confidence in actual textual occurrence, not an independently attested press exonym."
        },
        {
          "name": "Kalʹmiusʹke",
          "why": "ALA-LC Ukrainian table (2011 edition), for bibliographic retrieval; standard-derived spelling, with medium confidence in actual textual occurrence, not an independently attested press exonym."
        },
        {
          "name": "Кальміуське",
          "why": "Original Ukrainian spelling for matching local source titles or addresses quoted in English."
        }
      ]
    },
    "fr": {
      "main": "Kalmiouske",
      "why": "Attested French geographical-index spelling; ou renders у.",
      "alternatives": [
        {
          "name": "Komsomolske",
          "why": "Former Ukrainian name for French historical retrieval; replaced in 2016."
        },
        {
          "name": "Komsomolskoïe",
          "why": "French transcription of the Russian former name, still relevant to French reporting based on Russian sources."
        },
        {
          "name": "Kalmiuske",
          "why": "International Ukrainian spelling; Kalmiouske, recorded in French geographical indexes, uses French ou for у."
        },
        {
          "name": "Komsomolskoie",
          "why": "Diacritic-free typing or indexing variant of Komsomolskoïe for French retrieval; not a distinct official name. Textual frequency is unverified."
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "about_en": "Kalmiuske is a city on the Kalmius River in Donetsk Oblast. Limestone quarrying shaped its industrial landscape, and the former name Komsomolske remains common in older sources.",
  "about_fr": "",
  "certainty": "medium",
  "notes": "Ukrainian renaming from Komsomolske to Kalmiuske in 2016. French Kalmiouske is attested in geographical indexes, but a dominant press preference was not established. Record certainty includes transliteration and alias coverage; formal system outputs are not all attested press forms.",
  "rank": 848,
  "slug": "kalmiuske"
}