{
  "place_id": "kitsman#7691_11431",
  "wikidata": "Q149151",
  "country": "UA",
  "local_name": "Кіцмань",
  "forms": [],
  "names": {
    "en": {
      "main": "Kitsman",
      "why": "Current Ukrainian name in national romanization (2010); selected for English geographical use.",
      "alternatives": [
        {
          "name": "Kicmań",
          "why": "Polish historical name in Bukovina references."
        },
        {
          "name": "Coțmani",
          "why": "Romanian historical and regional name."
        },
        {
          "name": "Coţmani",
          "why": "Legacy Romanian cedilla typography."
        },
        {
          "name": "Kitzman",
          "why": "German historical form used in Bukovina references."
        },
        {
          "name": "Kitsmanʹ",
          "why": "Ukrainian-based spelling retaining the final soft sign."
        },
        {
          "name": "Kotzman",
          "why": "Jewish-community name recorded in English historical or genealogical references."
        },
        {
          "name": "Cozmeni",
          "why": "Older Romanian name explicitly given in the English reference."
        },
        {
          "name": "Chițmani",
          "why": "Older Romanian variant explicitly given in the English reference."
        },
        {
          "name": "Kitsman’",
          "why": "BGN/PCGN Ukrainian romanization (1965); standard-derived retrieval form, with independent English prose frequency unverified."
        },
        {
          "name": "Kìcmanʹ",
          "why": "ISO 9:1995 character transliteration; standard-derived retrieval form, with independent English prose frequency unverified."
        },
        {
          "name": "Kit͡smanʹ",
          "why": "ALA-LC Ukrainian romanization (2011 table); standard-derived retrieval form, with independent English prose frequency unverified."
        },
        {
          "name": "Кіцмань",
          "why": "Original Ukrainian spelling for local sources quoted or indexed in English."
        },
        {
          "name": "Kicman",
          "why": "Diacritic-free typing/indexing variant of Kicmań for English retrieval; independent prose frequency unverified."
        },
        {
          "name": "Cotmani",
          "why": "Diacritic-free typing/indexing variant of Coțmani for English retrieval; independent prose frequency unverified."
        },
        {
          "name": "Chitmani",
          "why": "Diacritic-free typing/indexing variant of Chițmani for English retrieval; independent prose frequency unverified."
        }
      ]
    },
    "fr": {
      "main": "Kitsman",
      "why": "Same as in English; the French locality reference uses this heading.",
      "alternatives": [
        {
          "name": "Coţmani",
          "why": "Romanian historical name explicitly quoted in the French introduction, using legacy cedilla typography."
        },
        {
          "name": "Kotzman",
          "why": "German historical form explicitly quoted in the French introduction."
        },
        {
          "name": "Cotmani",
          "why": "Diacritic-free typing/indexing variant of Coţmani for French retrieval; independent prose frequency unverified."
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "about_en": "Kitsman is a small city northwest of Chernivtsi in northern Bukovina. It is associated with composer Volodymyr Ivasiuk, who was born there.",
  "about_fr": "",
  "certainty": "medium",
  "notes": "Romanian Coțmani/Cozmeni/Chițmani, Jewish Kotzman and German Kitzman/Kotzman occur in different historical traditions. French reference explicitly gives Kotzman as German; this does not make every occurrence a German form. Birthplace confirmed by the medical university: https://www.bsmu.edu.ua/news/volodymyr-ivasyuk-vydatnyj-student-medychnogo-universytetu/ Standard-derived forms are retrieval aids, not claims of English prose frequency. Sources checked 2026-11-15: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149151 ; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitsman ; https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitsman ; https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Кіцмань.",
  "rank": 1499,
  "slug": "kitsman"
}