{
  "place_id": "kremenets#7783_11429",
  "wikidata": "Q849116",
  "country": "UA",
  "local_name": "Кременець",
  "names": {
    "en": {
      "main": "Kremenets",
      "why": "Current Ukrainian name in the national romanization adopted in 2010, followed by BGN/PCGN since 2019; selected as the English main form.",
      "alternatives": [
        {
          "name": "Kremenetsʹ",
          "why": "Ukrainian transliteration marking the final soft sign."
        },
        {
          "name": "Kremenets'",
          "why": "Plain-apostrophe version of the soft-sign-marked form."
        },
        {
          "name": "Krzemieniec",
          "why": "Polish historical name well established in English histories of Volhynia."
        },
        {
          "name": "Kremenez",
          "why": "German historical spelling."
        },
        {
          "name": "Kremnitz",
          "why": "Jewish historical spelling used in genealogical accounts."
        },
        {
          "name": "Kremenecʹ",
          "why": "ISO 9:1995 transliteration of the Ukrainian spelling, supplied as a systematic bibliographic search form. This does not establish ordinary English usage."
        },
        {
          "name": "Кременець",
          "why": "Ukrainian original-script name, useful in quotations and bilingual indexes; not a romanized English name."
        },
        {
          "name": "Kremenets’",
          "why": "BGN/PCGN 1965 Ukrainian romanization; a historical standard superseded by adoption of the Ukrainian national system in 2019. Supplied as a systematic search form."
        },
        {
          "name": "Kremenet͡sʹ",
          "why": "ALA-LC 2011 Ukrainian romanization; a systematic library-catalogue search form with the prescribed ties and soft-sign marks, not a separate English exonym."
        }
      ]
    },
    "fr": {
      "main": "Kremenets",
      "why": "Same as in English; French geographical references use Kremenets, while historical discussions may retain Polish Krzemieniec.",
      "alternatives": [
        {
          "name": "Krzemieniec",
          "why": "Polish historical name used in French accounts of the lyceum and Polish literary history."
        },
        {
          "name": "Kremnitz",
          "why": "Jewish historical name quoted in French references."
        },
        {
          "name": "Kremenetz",
          "why": "Older French and international historical spelling."
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "about_en": "Kremenets is a town in Ternopil Oblast beneath a ridge of wooded hills. Castle ruins above the centre and its former lyceum reflect its importance in Volhynian history.",
  "about_fr": "",
  "certainty": "high",
  "notes": "Do not confuse with Kremnica in Slovakia, also historically called Kremnitz. Polish spelling checked against https://kehilalinks.jewishgen.org/Kremenets/web-pages/documents/History/Kremenets-History-Doctor-2001.pdf . Romanization references: https://mfa.gov.ua/en/correctua ; https://arhiiv.eki.ee/wgrs/v3_0/rom2_uk.htm ; https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/ukrainia.pdf .",
  "rank": 482,
  "slug": "kremenets"
}