{
  "place_id": "kupiansk#7761_12089",
  "wikidata": "Q889555",
  "country": "UA",
  "local_name": "Куп’янськ",
  "names": {
    "en": {
      "main": "Kupiansk",
      "why": "Current Ukrainian name, romanized under the Ukrainian national system of 2010, also adopted in the BGN/PCGN agreement of 2019; selected for present-day English use.",
      "alternatives": [
        {
          "name": "Kupyansk",
          "why": "Russian-based form widely used in English reporting."
        },
        {
          "name": "Kup'iansk",
          "why": "Ukrainian-based spelling preserving the source apostrophe."
        },
        {
          "name": "Kup’yans’k",
          "why": "Older transliteration marking both the apostrophe and soft sign."
        },
        {
          "name": "Kupyans'k",
          "why": "Older Ukrainian-based spelling with a final soft-sign marker."
        },
        {
          "name": "Kup’ânsʹk",
          "why": "ISO 9:1995 letter-for-letter transliteration of the Ukrainian name; a systematic bibliographic/search form, not a claim of established English usage."
        },
        {
          "name": "Куп’янськ",
          "why": "Ukrainian original-script name, included for recognition in quotations and indexes; not an English romanization."
        }
      ]
    },
    "fr": {
      "main": "Koupiansk",
      "why": "French geographical transcription, selected for recognizability in French references; normally used without a fixed article. No place-specific Quai d’Orsay recommendation has been established here.",
      "alternatives": [
        {
          "name": "Kupiansk",
          "why": "International spelling also encountered in French texts and map references; the selected French form follows French transcription practice."
        },
        {
          "name": "Koupyansk",
          "why": "Mixed French/international variant used in reporting."
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "about_en": "Kupiansk is a city in Kharkiv Oblast on the Oskil river. It developed as a transport and railway centre and has been a focus of fighting during Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.",
  "about_fr": "",
  "certainty": "high",
  "notes": "The Ukrainian apostrophe is punctuation, omitted in the 2010 national romanization. No claim about current territorial control is made. The source apostrophe is normalized typographically in local_name; this is the same Ukrainian name. Romanization policy: https://mfa.gov.ua/en/correctua . ISO 9 forms are systematic search aids, not independently attested exonyms.",
  "rank": 374,
  "slug": "kupiansk"
}