{
  "place_id": "kurman#7527_11905",
  "wikidata": "Q2367699",
  "country": "UA",
  "local_name": "Курман",
  "names": {
    "en": {
      "main": "Kurman",
      "why": "Current Ukrainian name in the national romanization adopted in 2010, recommended by the UN in 2012 and adopted by BGN/PCGN in 2019. BGN/PCGN Ukrainian system (1965), superseded for US/UK geographical naming by the 2019 agreement gives the same spelling here. ISO 9:1995 character transliteration gives the same spelling here. ALA-LC Ukrainian table (2011 edition), for bibliographic retrieval gives the same spelling here.",
      "alternatives": [
        {
          "name": "Krasnohvardiiske",
          "why": "Former official Ukrainian name; Kurman was adopted in the 2016 Crimean renaming resolution, brought into force in 2023."
        },
        {
          "name": "Krasnogvardeyskoye",
          "why": "Russian name retained under occupation; corresponds to the former Ukrainian name replaced legally by Kurman in 2023."
        },
        {
          "name": "Qurman",
          "why": "Crimean Tatar Latin spelling of the restored name."
        },
        {
          "name": "Kurman-Kemelchi",
          "why": "Earlier historical name found in English records."
        },
        {
          "name": "Qurman Kemelçi",
          "why": "Crimean Tatar form of the longer historical name."
        },
        {
          "name": "Курман",
          "why": "Original Ukrainian spelling for matching local source titles or addresses quoted in English."
        },
        {
          "name": "Qurman Kemelci",
          "why": "Diacritic-free typing or indexing variant of Qurman Kemelçi for English retrieval; not a distinct official name. Textual frequency is unverified."
        }
      ]
    },
    "fr": {
      "main": "Kurman",
      "why": "Same form as in English; selected for French source matching. An established distinct French exonym or press preference was not verified.",
      "alternatives": [
        {
          "name": "Krasnohvardiiske",
          "why": "Former Ukrainian name for French source matching; legally replaced by Kurman in 2023 following the 2016 resolution."
        },
        {
          "name": "Krasnogvardeïskoïe",
          "why": "French transcription of the Russian name, still used under occupation."
        },
        {
          "name": "Qurman",
          "why": "Crimean Tatar Latin name for matching French texts quoting local names."
        },
        {
          "name": "Krasnogvardeiskoie",
          "why": "Diacritic-free typing or indexing variant of Krasnogvardeïskoïe for French retrieval; not a distinct official name. Textual frequency is unverified."
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "about_en": "Kurman is a settlement in the central steppe of Crimea, Ukraine. It developed beside a railway station and serves the surrounding agricultural area.",
  "about_fr": "",
  "certainty": "medium",
  "notes": "Resolution 1352-VIII adopted Kurman in 2016 with delayed effect. Law 3334-IX of 2023 removed the delay, so the old claim that the name will apply only after de-occupation is obsolete. Russian occupation usage retains Krasnogvardeyskoye. UA is the sovereignty code. Record certainty includes transliteration and alias coverage; formal system outputs are not all attested press forms.",
  "rank": 873,
  "slug": "kurman"
}