{
  "place_id": "tlumach#7714_11388",
  "wikidata": "Q157457",
  "country": "UA",
  "local_name": "Тлумач",
  "names": {
    "en": {
      "main": "Tlumach",
      "why": "Current Ukrainian name in the national romanization adopted in 2010, recommended by the UN in 2012 and adopted by BGN/PCGN in 2019. The same string also results from BGN/PCGN Ukrainian romanization (1965). The same string also results from ALA-LC Ukrainian romanization (2011 table).",
      "alternatives": [
        {
          "name": "Tovmach",
          "why": "Older Ukrainian name recorded in English geographical references."
        },
        {
          "name": "Tłumacz",
          "why": "Polish historical or regional name quoted in English accounts of the place."
        },
        {
          "name": "Talmitsh",
          "why": "Yiddish-derived name in English Jewish historical and genealogical references."
        },
        {
          "name": "Tloumatch",
          "why": "French reference spelling; useful when English writing cites French titles or sources. Not asserted to be a usual English exonym."
        },
        {
          "name": "Tlumač",
          "why": "ISO 9:1995 character transliteration; standard-derived retrieval form. Actual English textual use is unverified; not an asserted established exonym."
        },
        {
          "name": "Тлумач",
          "why": "Original Ukrainian spelling for matching local maps, addresses and source titles quoted in English."
        },
        {
          "name": "Tlumacz",
          "why": "Diacritic-free typing/indexing form of Tłumacz for English retrieval; independent prose frequency is unverified."
        }
      ]
    },
    "fr": {
      "main": "Tloumatch",
      "why": "Attested French geographical reference spelling; follows French transcription conventions.",
      "alternatives": [
        {
          "name": "Tłumacz",
          "why": "Polish historical name used in French regional references or quoted Polish sources."
        },
        {
          "name": "Tlumach",
          "why": "International spelling retained for French source matching; French reference usage also has the adapted main form above."
        },
        {
          "name": "Tlumacz",
          "why": "Diacritic-free typing/indexing form of Tłumacz for French retrieval; independent prose frequency is unverified."
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "about_en": "Tlumach is a small city in Ukraine's Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast. It lies southeast of Ivano-Frankivsk in the historical region of Pokuttia.",
  "about_fr": "",
  "certainty": "medium",
  "notes": "Standard-derived alternatives are retrieval aids, not claims of press frequency. Reference pages checked 2026-11-15: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlumach ; https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tloumatch.",
  "rank": 1105,
  "slug": "tlumach"
}