{
  "place_id": "tulchyn#7704_11602",
  "wikidata": "Q997568",
  "country": "UA",
  "local_name": "Тульчин",
  "names": {
    "en": {
      "main": "Tulchyn",
      "why": "Current Ukrainian name in the national romanization adopted in 2010; the same system was adopted by BGN/PCGN in 2019.",
      "alternatives": [
        {
          "name": "Tulchin",
          "why": "Russian-based spelling common in English histories of Podolia."
        },
        {
          "name": "Tulczyn",
          "why": "Polish historical name used in accounts of the Potocki family."
        },
        {
          "name": "Tultchin",
          "why": "Yiddish historical spelling documented in English community references."
        },
        {
          "name": "Tultschin",
          "why": "German-mediated historical spelling in English bibliographical citations."
        },
        {
          "name": "Tulčyn",
          "why": "Scholarly Latin spelling of the Ukrainian name."
        },
        {
          "name": "Tulʹčin",
          "why": "ISO 9:1995 character transliteration of the Ukrainian name; standard-derived retrieval form, with medium confidence in textual use."
        },
        {
          "name": "Tul’chyn",
          "why": "BGN/PCGN 1965 Ukrainian transliteration, superseded for US/UK geographical use in 2019; standard-derived retrieval form, with medium confidence in textual use."
        },
        {
          "name": "Tulʹchyn",
          "why": "ALA-LC Ukrainian table, 2011 edition, with its bibliographic diacritics; standard-derived catalogue form, with medium confidence in textual use."
        },
        {
          "name": "Тульчин",
          "why": "Ukrainian original-script name, retained in quoted addresses and source titles; not a separate English exonym."
        },
        {
          "name": "Tul'chyn",
          "why": "ASCII apostrophe version of the BGN/PCGN 1965 Ukrainian retrieval spelling; not an additional official name."
        }
      ]
    },
    "fr": {
      "main": "Toultchyn",
      "why": "French reference spelling, adapted to French transcription conventions; usage is not uniform across publishers.",
      "alternatives": [
        {
          "name": "Toultchine",
          "why": "Older Russian-mediated French name, familiar in historical writing."
        },
        {
          "name": "Tulczyn",
          "why": "Polish historical name used in French accounts of the Potocki residence."
        },
        {
          "name": "Tultchin",
          "why": "Jewish historical retrieval name for French memorial research; prevalence unverified."
        },
        {
          "name": "Tulchyn",
          "why": "International Ukrainian spelling retained in French texts that follow Ukrainian name forms; see the English entry for the system."
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "about_en": "Tulchyn is a town in Vinnytsia Oblast in the historical region of Podolia. Its Potocki palace and associations with the composer Mykola Leontovych are important parts of its cultural heritage.",
  "about_fr": "",
  "certainty": "high",
  "notes": "",
  "rank": 695,
  "slug": "tulchyn"
}